Early Life Mehmed II, commonly known as Mehmed the Conqueror (Mehmet Fatih in Turkish), was born on March 30, 1432, in Edirne, the capital city of the Ottoman Empire at that time. He was the son of Sultan Murad II and Hüma Hatun. From an early age, Mehmed was exposed to the complexities of governance and military strategy, receiving...
Saladin (1137 or 1138 – March 1193), known as Ṣalāḥ ad-Dīn Yūsuf ibn Ayyūb (صلاح الدين يوسف بن أيوب) in Arabic, was the first sultan of Egypt and Syria and the founder of their Ayyubid dynasty, although it was named after his father. Saladin led the Muslim opposition to the European Crusaders in the Levant. At the height of his power, his sultanate included Egypt, Syria, Mesopotamia, Hejaz, Yemen and other parts of North Africa. Notwithstanding the differences in beliefs, the...